Acute Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is a common respiratory illness characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the airways that carry air to and from the lungs. It is usually caused by a viral infection, such as the flu or a cold, but can also be caused by bacterial infections or exposure to irritants like smoke or pollutionundefined.
Symptoms
- Coughing, which may produce mucus or phlegm
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort or tightness
- Fatigue or feeling tired
- Headache or body aches
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Fever, usually mild
Causes and Risk Factors
Acute bronchitis is often caused by viral infections, such as:
- Influenza (the flu)
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Rhinovirus (the common cold)
- Coronaviruses
- Adenoviruses
Bacterial infections, such as:
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
Exposure to irritants, such as:
- Tobacco smoke
- Air pollution
- Dust or chemicals in the workplace
Diagnosis
Acute bronchitis is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. The doctor may:
- Listen to the lungs with a stethoscope to check for abnormal sounds, such as wheezing or crackling
- Check for signs of infection, such as fever or swollen lymph nodes
- Ask about symptoms and medical history
- Perform a chest X-ray or other imaging tests to rule out pneumonia or other conditions
Treatment
Treatment for acute bronchitis usually focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the body's natural defenses. This may include:
- Resting and staying hydrated
- Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air
- Taking over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers or cough suppressants
- Using inhalers or bronchodilators to open up the airways
- Avoiding irritants, such as tobacco smoke or pollution
In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed if the cause of the bronchitis is bacterial. However, antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.
Complications and Prevention
Acute bronchitis can lead to complications, such as:
- Pneumonia or other respiratory infections
- Chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Asthma or other breathing problems
To prevent acute bronchitis, it is recommended to:
- Get vaccinated against the flu and other respiratory illnesses
- Practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick
- Quit smoking or avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
- Avoid exposure to air pollution and other irritants
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is acute bronchitis?
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes causing cough and mucus production.
What causes acute bronchitis?
Viral or bacterial infections, often following a cold or flu.
What are the symptoms of acute bronchitis?
Cough, mucus production, chest discomfort, and fatigue.
How is acute bronchitis diagnosed?
Physical exam, medical history, and sometimes chest X-ray or lung function tests.
Is acute bronchitis contagious?
Yes, if caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
What is the treatment for acute bronchitis?
Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms.
Can antibiotics treat acute bronchitis?
Only if caused by a bacterial infection, not viral.
How long does acute bronchitis last?
Typically 1-3 weeks, but cough can persist for several weeks.
Can acute bronchitis lead to complications?
Yes, such as pneumonia or chronic bronchitis in severe cases.
How can acute bronchitis be prevented?
Practicing good hygiene, getting vaccinated, and avoiding smoking.
Article last updated on: 1st July 2025.
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