Adhesive Capsulitis
Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a medical condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Adhesive capsulitis can occur after a shoulder injury or surgery, but it can also develop without any apparent cause.
- Risk factors include diabetes, thyroid disorders, and Parkinson's disease.
- Aging is also a risk factor, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 40.
Symptoms
- Pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, which can worsen at night or with certain movements.
- Loss of range of motion in the shoulder, making it difficult to perform everyday activities such as dressing or reaching.
- Freezing stage: pain and stiffness increase, and the shoulder becomes increasingly difficult to move.
- Frozen stage: pain may decrease, but the shoulder remains stiff and difficult to move.
- Thawing stage: range of motion slowly improves as the condition resolves.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination by a healthcare provider to assess range of motion and pain.
- Medical history to identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the development of adhesive capsulitis.
- Imaging tests such as X-rays or an MRI may be ordered to rule out other causes of shoulder pain and stiffness.
Treatment Options
- Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications such as NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or corticosteroids.
- Physical therapy to maintain range of motion and strengthen the shoulder muscles.
- Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
- Surgery may be necessary in severe cases where other treatments have not been effective.
Prognosis and Prevention
- Most people with adhesive capsulitis can expect a full recovery, but it may take several months to several years.
- Prevention strategies include maintaining good shoulder mobility through regular exercise and avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity.
- Early treatment can help improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications such as chronic pain or limited range of motion.
Complications
- Chronic pain and stiffness if left untreated or undertreated.
- Limited range of motion, which can impact daily activities and quality of life.
- Increased risk of falls due to decreased mobility and strength in the shoulder.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Inflammation of the shoulder joint causing pain and stiffness.
What is another name for adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder.
What are the symptoms of adhesive capsulitis?
Pain, stiffness, limited mobility in the shoulder.
How long does adhesive capsulitis last?
Typically 1-3 years.
What causes adhesive capsulitis?
Unknown, but often associated with diabetes, injury, or surgery.
Can adhesive capsulitis be prevented?
No, but risk can be reduced by maintaining shoulder mobility.
How is adhesive capsulitis diagnosed?
Physical exam, medical history, and imaging tests.
What are the stages of adhesive capsulitis?
Freezing, frozen, and thawing stages.
Can adhesive capsulitis be treated?
Yes, with physical therapy, medication, and surgery in some cases.
Is surgery necessary for adhesive capsulitis?
Only in severe cases where other treatments fail.
Article last updated on: 12th July 2025.
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