Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a common allergic disorder characterized by an overreaction of the immune system to particles in the air that are typically harmless to most people.

Causes and Triggers

• Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds
• Dust mites
• Mold spores
• Pet dander (especially from cats and dogs)
• Insect allergens (such as cockroach allergens)

Symptoms

• Sneezing
• Runny or itchy nose
• Nasal congestion or stuffiness
• Itchy, watery, red, or swollen eyes
• Coughing
• Postnasal drip (a sensation of mucus running down the back of the throat)
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Loss of smell

Types of Allergic Rhinitis

• Seasonal allergic rhinitis: occurs during specific pollen seasons
• Perennial allergic rhinitis: occurs year-round, often due to indoor allergens like dust mites and pet dander

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made based on a combination of:

• Medical history
• Physical examination
• Allergy testing, such as skin prick tests or blood tests (e.g., RAST or ELISA)

Treatment and Management

Treatment options include:

• Avoiding allergens
• Nasal corticosteroids
• Antihistamines
• Decongestants
• Immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy)

Complications

If left untreated or poorly managed, allergic rhinitis can lead to:

• Sinusitis
• Asthma
• Nasal polyps
• Eustachian tube dysfunction
• Sleep disturbances

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing allergic rhinitis or to minimize symptoms:

• Avoid exposure to known allergens
• Use HEPA filters and air purifiers
• Keep homes clean and dust-free
• Wash hands frequently, especially after petting animals
• Consider immunotherapy for long-term relief

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is allergic rhinitis?
An inflammatory condition affecting nasal passages.

What causes allergic rhinitis?
Allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.

What are common symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
Sneezing, runny nose, congestion, and itchy eyes.

How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed?
Through medical history, physical exam, and allergy tests.

Can allergic rhinitis be cured?
No, but symptoms can be managed with treatment.

What are common treatments for allergic rhinitis?
Medications, immunotherapy, and avoiding allergens.

Are there any home remedies for allergic rhinitis?
Saline nasal sprays and using HEPA air purifiers.

Can allergic rhinitis affect daily life?
Yes, it can impact sleep, work, and overall quality of life.

Is allergic rhinitis contagious?
No, it is not contagious.

Can children outgrow allergic rhinitis?
Sometimes, but often it persists into adulthood.