Ankle Fracture

An ankle fracture, also known as a broken ankle, is an injury to one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is composed of three bones: the tibia (shinbone), fibula, and talus.

Types of Ankle Fractures

• Non-displaced fracture: The bone is cracked but still in its normal position.
• Displaced fracture: The bone is broken into two or more pieces and is out of place.
• Comminuted fracture: The bone is broken into three or more pieces.
• Open fracture: The skin is broken and there is a risk of infection.
• Stress fracture: A small crack in the bone, often caused by repetitive stress or overuse.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ankle fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Falls from a height
• Twisting or rolling the ankle
• Direct blows to the ankle
• Overuse or repetitive stress
• Weakened bones (e.g. osteoporosis)

Symptoms

Common symptoms of an ankle fracture include:

• Pain and swelling in the ankle
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the ankle
• Deformity or abnormal appearance of the ankle
• Bruising or discoloration
• Numbness or tingling in the foot or toes

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an ankle fracture typically involves:

• Physical examination and medical history
• X-rays to confirm the presence of a fracture
• CT or MRI scans to evaluate the extent of the injury

Treatment

Treatment for an ankle fracture depends on the severity and type of fracture, but may include:

• Immobilization: Casting, bracing, or splinting to stabilize the ankle and allow healing.
• Pain management: Medications to manage pain and discomfort.
• Surgery: To repair and stabilize the fracture, especially in cases of displaced or comminuted fractures.
• Physical therapy: To restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion after healing.

Complications and Prevention

Possible complications of an ankle fracture include:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Arthritis
• Chronic pain or instability

To prevent ankle fractures, it is recommended to:

• Wear proper footwear and orthotics
• Avoid overexertion and repetitive stress
• Maintain strong bones through exercise and nutrition
• Use protective gear during sports or activities that involve high-impact movements

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an ankle fracture?
A break in one or more bones in the ankle.

What causes an ankle fracture?
Trauma, falls, or twisting injuries.

What are the symptoms of an ankle fracture?
Pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking.

How is an ankle fracture diagnosed?
X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.

What are the types of ankle fractures?
Stable, unstable, non-displaced, and displaced.

Do all ankle fractures require surgery?
No, some can be treated with casting or bracing.

How long does it usually take to recover from an ankle fracture?
6-12 weeks.

What are the complications of an ankle fracture?
Infection, arthritis, and nerve damage.

Can ankle fractures be prevented?
Wearing proper footwear and being cautious on uneven surfaces.

When should I seek medical attention for an ankle fracture?
Immediately if severe pain or deformity occurs.