Caesarean Section

A Caesarean section, also known as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the mother's abdomen and uterus.

Indications for Caesarean Section

• Prolonged labor or failure to progress in labor
• Fetal distress or abnormal fetal heart rate
• Cephalopelvic disproportion (the baby's head is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis)
• Placenta previa or placental abruption
• Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.)
• Previous uterine surgery or C-section
• Fetal malposition or malpresentation

Types of Caesarean Sections

• Planned (elective) C-section: scheduled before labor begins
• Unplanned (emergency) C-section: performed during labor due to complications
• Classical C-section: a vertical incision is made in the upper segment of the uterus
• Lower segment C-section: a horizontal incision is made in the lower segment of the uterus

Surgical Procedure

The procedure typically involves:

• Administration of regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural) or general anesthesia
• A horizontal incision (usually 10-20 cm long) is made in the abdomen, just above the pubic hair line
• The uterus is exposed and a second incision is made in the lower segment of the uterus
• The baby is carefully delivered through the incisions
• The umbilical cord is clamped and cut
• The placenta is removed
• The uterine incision is closed with sutures or staples
• The abdominal incision is closed in layers, usually with sutures or staples

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications associated with a C-section, including:

• Infection of the uterus or abdominal incision
• Excessive bleeding or hemorrhage
• Damage to surrounding organs (bladder, bowel, etc.)
• Adhesions or scar tissue formation
• Breathing difficulties for the baby
• Increased risk of future pregnancy complications

Recovery and Postoperative Care

After a C-section, the mother can expect:

• A hospital stay of 2-4 days
• Pain management with medication or other interventions
• Monitoring of vital signs and wound healing
• Assistance with breastfeeding and newborn care
• Follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider to monitor recovery and remove sutures or staples

Future Pregnancy Considerations

Women who have had a C-section may be able to attempt a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in a future pregnancy, but this depends on various factors, including:

• The type of uterine incision used in the previous C-section
• The reason for the previous C-section
• The presence of any underlying medical conditions
• The healthcare provider's recommendations and hospital policies

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a Caesarean section?
Surgical delivery of a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus.

Why is a Caesarean section performed?
For medical reasons, such as complications with pregnancy or labor.

Is a Caesarean section a major surgery?
Yes, it is a major surgical procedure.

How long does a Caesarean section take?
Typically 40 minutes to an hour.

Will I be awake during the procedure?
Usually, under regional anesthesia, such as spinal or epidural.

Can I have a vaginal birth after a Caesarean section?
Possibly, depending on individual circumstances.

What are the risks of a Caesarean section?
Infection, bleeding, and reaction to anesthesia.

How long is the hospital stay after a Caesarean section?
Typically 3-4 days.

Can I breastfeed after a Caesarean section?
Yes, usually possible soon after delivery.

How long does it usually take to recover from a Caesarean section?
Several weeks, typically 6-8 weeks.