Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure used to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small intestine. It involves swallowing a small, pill-sized camera called a capsule that takes photographs as it moves through the digestive system.

How it Works

The capsule contains a tiny camera, battery, and transmitter. Once swallowed, the capsule begins to take two pictures per second, which are then transmitted to a receiver worn by the patient. The images are stored on the receiver and can be downloaded to a computer for review by a healthcare provider.

Preparation

To prepare for a capsule endoscopy, patients typically:

• Fast for at least 12 hours before the procedure
• Avoid taking certain medications that may interfere with the test
• Wear a sensor belt around their waist to receive the images transmitted by the capsule

Procedure

The patient swallows the capsule, and it begins to take pictures as it moves through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The entire procedure typically takes around 8 hours, during which time the patient can go about their daily activities.

Uses

Capsule endoscopy is used to:

• Diagnose bleeding in the small intestine
• Investigate Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
• Monitor celiac disease
• Evaluate small intestinal tumors or cancer

Risks and Complications

Possible risks and complications of capsule endoscopy include:

• Capsule getting stuck in the digestive tract (rare)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain or discomfort

Results

The images taken by the capsule are reviewed by a healthcare provider to look for any abnormalities, such as bleeding, inflammation, or tumors. The results can help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the small intestine.

Contraindications

Capsule endoscopy may not be suitable for patients with:

• Pacemakers or other implanted medical devices
• Swallowing disorders
• Narrowing of the intestinal tract (stricture)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is capsule endoscopy?
A procedure using a swallowed camera capsule to visualize the inside of the digestive tract.

Why is capsule endoscopy used?
To diagnose and monitor conditions such as bleeding, inflammation, and tumors in the small intestine.

How does the capsule work?
It takes photos of the inside of the digestive tract and transmits them to a receiver worn by the patient.

Is capsule endoscopy painful?
No, it is generally a painless procedure.

How long does the procedure take?
The capsule passes through the body in 8-72 hours, but the preparation and initial setup take about 1-2 hours.

Can I eat during the procedure?
Yes, but only after a certain period, usually 2-4 hours, as instructed by the doctor.

Are there any risks or complications?
Rarely, the capsule may get stuck or cause intestinal blockage.

How do I prepare for capsule endoscopy?
Fasting for 12 hours before and avoiding certain medications as instructed by the doctor.

Can anyone undergo capsule endoscopy?
Generally, yes, but patients with pacemakers or other implanted devices may need special precautions.

What happens after the procedure?
The receiver is returned to the doctor, who then reviews the images to diagnose any conditions.