Cholesterol Test

A cholesterol test, also known as a lipid profile or lipid panel, is a blood test that measures the levels of different types of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

Purpose

The purpose of a cholesterol test is to:

• Diagnose high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia)
• Monitor the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering treatments
• Assess the risk of heart disease and stroke

Types of Cholesterol Measured

A cholesterol test typically measures the following types of cholesterol:

• Total Cholesterol: The total amount of cholesterol in the blood, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol: Often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells and can accumulate in the walls of the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol: Often referred to as "good" cholesterol, HDL carries excess cholesterol from the cells to the liver for removal, which can help reduce the risk of heart disease
• Triglycerides: A type of fat found in the blood that can also contribute to the risk of heart disease

Test Procedure

To perform a cholesterol test, a healthcare professional will:

• Take a blood sample from a vein in the arm using a needle and syringe or a finger prick device
• Send the blood sample to a laboratory for analysis

Preparation

To prepare for a cholesterol test, individuals may be required to:

• Fast (abstain from food and drink) for 9-12 hours before the test
• Avoid eating high-fat foods or drinking alcohol for 24 hours before the test
• Tell their healthcare professional about any medications they are taking, as some medications can affect cholesterol levels

Results

The results of a cholesterol test are typically reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). The following are general guidelines for interpreting cholesterol test results:

• Total Cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL is desirable, 200-239 mg/dL is borderline high, and 240 mg/dL or higher is high
• LDL Cholesterol: Less than 100 mg/dL is optimal, 100-129 mg/dL is near optimal, 130-159 mg/dL is borderline high, and 160 mg/dL or higher is high
• HDL Cholesterol: 60 mg/dL or higher is desirable, 40-59 mg/dL is borderline low, and less than 40 mg/dL is low
• Triglycerides: Less than 150 mg/dL is normal, 150-199 mg/dL is borderline high, and 200 mg/dL or higher is high

Risk Factors

Certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of having high cholesterol, including:

• Family history of high cholesterol or heart disease
• Age (45 or older for men, 55 or older for women)
• Obesity or being overweight
• Physical inactivity
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes

Treatment and Management

If a cholesterol test reveals high cholesterol levels, treatment and management may include:

• Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise modifications
• Medications, such as statins or bile acid sequestrants, to lower cholesterol levels
• Regular monitoring of cholesterol levels to assess the effectiveness of treatment

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a cholesterol test?
A blood test that measures levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.

Why is a cholesterol test done?
To assess risk of heart disease and stroke.

How is a cholesterol test performed?
A blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm.

Do I need to fast before a cholesterol test?
Yes, usually 9-12 hours.

What is measured in a cholesterol test?
Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides.

What are normal cholesterol levels?
Vary by age and other factors, but generally < 200 mg/dL.

How often should I get a cholesterol test?
Every 5 years for adults with normal levels.

Can a cholesterol test diagnose other conditions?
No, it only measures lipid levels.

Are there any risks to a cholesterol test?
Minor bleeding or bruising at the needle site.

How long does it usually take to get results from a cholesterol test?
Usually 1-3 days.