Clavicle Fracture

A clavicle fracture, also known as a broken collarbone, is a break or crack in the clavicle bone, which is located between the shoulder and the chest.

Causes

Clavicle fractures are typically caused by:

• Falls onto the shoulder or outstretched hand
• Direct blows to the clavicle, such as from a car accident or sports injury
• Birth trauma, which can cause clavicle fractures in newborns

Symptoms

Common symptoms of a clavicle fracture include:

• Pain and tenderness over the clavicle
• Swelling and bruising over the affected area
• Difficulty moving the arm or shoulder
• A bump or deformity over the break
• Crepitus, a grating sensation when the bone fragments rub together

Types of Clavicle Fractures

Clavicle fractures can be classified into several types, including:

• Non-displaced fracture: The bone is cracked but still in place
• Displaced fracture: The bone is broken into two or more pieces that are out of place
• Comminuted fracture: The bone is broken into three or more pieces
• Greenstick fracture: A partial break, where one side of the bone is bent but not completely broken

Treatment

Treatment for a clavicle fracture typically involves:

• Pain management with medication
• Immobilization in a sling or figure-eight bandage to keep the arm and shoulder still
• Physical therapy to maintain range of motion and strength
• Surgery, which may be necessary for more complex fractures or those that are not healing properly

Complications

Possible complications of a clavicle fracture include:

• Nerve damage, which can cause numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm or hand
• Blood vessel damage, which can lead to bleeding or circulatory problems
• Nonunion, where the bone does not heal properly
• Malunion, where the bone heals in an abnormal position

Recovery

The recovery time for a clavicle fracture can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the effectiveness of treatment. Generally:

• Mild fractures may heal within 6-8 weeks
• More complex fractures may take 12-16 weeks or longer to heal
• Full recovery, including return to normal activities and sports, can take several months

Prevention

To reduce the risk of a clavicle fracture:

• Wear protective gear, such as shoulder pads, when participating in contact sports
• Avoid falls by using handrails and taking other safety precautions
• Maintain good bone health through a balanced diet and regular exercise

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a clavicle fracture?
A break in the collarbone.

What causes a clavicle fracture?
Fall on an outstretched arm or direct blow to the shoulder.

What are the symptoms of a clavicle fracture?
Pain, swelling, and deformity at the fracture site.

How is a clavicle fracture diagnosed?
X-rays and physical examination.

What are the types of clavicle fractures?
Non-displaced, displaced, and comminuted.

How are non-displaced clavicle fractures treated?
With a sling or arm immobilizer.

Do all clavicle fractures require surgery?
No, only some displaced or complex fractures.

What are the potential complications of a clavicle fracture?
Nerve damage, blood vessel injury, and poor healing.

How long does it take for a clavicle fracture to heal?
Typically 6-8 weeks.

Can physical therapy help after a clavicle fracture?
Yes, to regain strength and range of motion.