Cyclospora

Cyclospora is a type of intestinal infection caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. This parasite is typically spread through contaminated food or water.

Transmission

The primary mode of transmission for Cyclospora is through the consumption of contaminated food or water. The most common sources of contamination include:

• Fresh produce, such as raspberries, strawberries, and lettuce
• Contaminated water, including well water or water from lakes and rivers
• Unpasteurized juices and ciders

Symptoms

The symptoms of Cyclospora infection typically begin within 1-14 days after consuming contaminated food or water. Common symptoms include:

• Diarrhea, which can be watery and explosive
• Abdominal cramps
• Bloating and gas
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

Cyclospora infection is typically diagnosed through laboratory testing of stool samples. The most common tests used to diagnose Cyclospora include:

• Microscopic examination of stool samples
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing
• Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing

Treatment

The primary treatment for Cyclospora infection is antibiotic therapy. The most commonly used antibiotics include:

• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
• Ciprofloxacin

Prevention

To prevent Cyclospora infection, it is recommended to:

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water
• Avoid consuming unpasteurized juices and ciders
• Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and seafood
• Wash fresh produce thoroughly before consumption
• Avoid drinking untreated water from lakes, rivers, or wells

Epidemiology

Cyclospora outbreaks have been reported worldwide, with the majority of cases occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. In the United States, Cyclospora outbreaks are typically associated with imported fresh produce.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Cyclospora?
Cyclospora is a parasite that causes intestinal infection.

How is Cyclospora transmitted?
Through contaminated food or water.

What are the symptoms of Cyclospora infection?
Diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal cramps.

How long do symptoms last?
Typically several weeks to months.

Is Cyclospora contagious?
No, it is not directly contagious.

Can Cyclospora be treated?
Yes, with antibiotics.

What antibiotic is used to treat Cyclospora?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Can Cyclospora be prevented?
By practicing good hygiene and avoiding contaminated food and water.

Who is at risk for Cyclospora infection?
Travelers to endemic areas and people who consume contaminated produce.

Is Cyclospora a reportable disease?
Yes, in many countries, including the United States.