Decreased Tear Production

Decreased tear production, also known as hypolacrimation or reduced tear secretion, is a condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep them moist and comfortable.

Causes

• Aging: Tear production decreases with age, especially after the age of 50.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus can cause decreased tear production.
• Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids can lead to decreased tear production.
• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves that control tear production.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, and antidepressants, can reduce tear production.
• Environmental factors: Wind, dry air, and pollution can exacerbate decreased tear production.
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during menopause or pregnancy can affect tear production.

Symptoms

• Dryness or grittiness in the eyes
• Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes
• Redness and inflammation of the eyes
• Blurred vision
• Eye fatigue
• Increased sensitivity to light

Diagnosis

Decreased tear production can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, which may include:

• Schirmer's test: A small paper strip is placed under the eyelid to measure tear production.
• Tear osmolarity test: Measures the concentration of tears to diagnose dry eye syndrome.
• Corneal staining: Uses a special dye to visualize any damage to the cornea.

Treatment

Treatment for decreased tear production depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops or ointments to moisturize the eyes.
• Punctal plugs: Small devices inserted into the tear ducts to block drainage and conserve tears.
• Medications: To treat underlying conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or blepharitis.
• Lifestyle changes: Avoiding wind, dry air, and pollution, and using a humidifier to add moisture to the air.

Complications

If left untreated, decreased tear production can lead to:

• Chronic eye irritation and inflammation
• Corneal ulcers or infections
• Vision problems, including blurred vision or double vision

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is decreased tear production?
A condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears.

What are the symptoms of decreased tear production?
Dryness, irritation, and discomfort in the eyes.

What causes decreased tear production?
Aging, certain medications, and medical conditions like Sjögren's syndrome.

How is decreased tear production diagnosed?
Through a comprehensive eye exam and tear tests.

Can decreased tear production be treated?
Yes, with artificial tears, medication, or surgery.

What are artificial tears used for?
To lubricate and moisturize the eyes.

Can decreased tear production lead to complications?
Yes, such as eye infections and vision problems.

Are there any lifestyle changes that can help?
Avoiding wind and dry environments, and blinking regularly.

Can certain medications exacerbate decreased tear production?
Yes, such as antihistamines and decongestants.

Is decreased tear production more common in certain populations?
Yes, it is more common in older adults and women.