Dental Caries

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a bacterial infection that causes demineralization of tooth enamel, leading to damage and cavities.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Bacteria: Dental caries is caused by the presence of bacteria in the mouth, particularly Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
• Diet: Frequent consumption of sugary and acidic foods and drinks can contribute to the development of dental caries.
• Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to the accumulation of plaque and bacteria on teeth, increasing the risk of dental caries.
• Genetics: Some people may be more prone to dental caries due to genetic factors, such as enamel structure and composition.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to fluoride, either through community water fluoridation or topical applications, can help prevent dental caries.

Symptoms

• Tooth sensitivity: Pain or discomfort when consuming hot or cold foods and drinks.
• Visible cavities: Holes or pits on the surface of teeth.
• Tooth discoloration: White or brown spots on teeth.
• Pain: Sharp pain when biting or chewing.

Diagnosis

Dental caries can be diagnosed through:

• Visual examination: A dentist will examine the teeth for visible signs of decay.
• X-rays: Radiographs can help detect cavities between teeth and under fillings.
• Probing: A dentist may use a probe to check for soft spots on the surface of teeth.

Treatment

Treatment options for dental caries depend on the severity of the condition:

• Fluoride treatments: Topical applications of fluoride can help reverse early stages of tooth decay.
• Fillings: Removing decayed tooth material and filling the cavity with a restorative material, such as amalgam or composite resin.
• Crowns: Covering the entire tooth with a crown to protect it from further damage.
• Root canals: Removing infected pulp tissue and filling the root canal to prevent further infection.
• Extractions: In severe cases, removing the affected tooth may be necessary.

Prevention

To prevent dental caries:

• Brush teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss once a day to remove plaque and bacteria from between teeth.
• Limit sugary and acidic foods and drinks.
• Visit a dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.
• Use a fluoride mouthwash as recommended by a dentist.

Complications

If left untreated, dental caries can lead to:

• Pain and discomfort.
• Infection: Bacteria can spread to surrounding tissues, leading to abscesses or cellulitis.
• Tooth loss: Untreated cavities can progress to the point where the tooth is no longer salvageable.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is dental caries?
Tooth decay caused by bacteria and acid.

What causes dental caries?
Poor oral hygiene and sugary diet.

What are symptoms of dental caries?
Tooth pain, sensitivity, and visible holes.

How is dental caries diagnosed?
Visual exam and X-rays.

Can dental caries be prevented?
Yes, with regular brushing and flossing.

What is the treatment for dental caries?
Fillings, crowns, or extractions.

Can dental caries be reversed?
Early stages can be reversed with fluoride.

Is dental caries contagious?
No, but bacteria can be transmitted.

Who is at risk for dental caries?
Everyone, especially children and seniors.

How often should I visit the dentist to prevent dental caries?
Every 6 months for check-ups and cleanings.