Emergency Contraceptive Pill

The emergency contraceptive pill (ECP), also known as the morning-after pill, is a type of birth control that can be used after unprotected sex or when other forms of contraception have failed.

How it Works

The ECP works by preventing or delaying ovulation, which means that an egg is not released from the ovary. This prevents fertilization from occurring. If an egg has already been released, the ECP can also prevent a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus.

Types of Emergency Contraceptive Pills

There are several types of ECPs available, including:

• Levonorgestrel (Plan B): This is a progestin-only pill that can be taken up to 72 hours after unprotected sex.
• Ulipristal acetate (ella): This is a selective progesterone receptor modulator that can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex.
• Mifepristone: This is an antiprogestin pill that can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex.

Efficacy

The efficacy of the ECP depends on the type of pill and how soon it is taken after unprotected sex. When taken as directed, the ECP can reduce the risk of pregnancy by:

• 89% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex (Levonorgestrel)
• 85% if taken within 120 hours of unprotected sex (Ulipristal acetate)

Side Effects

Common side effects of the ECP include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Breast tenderness

Contraindications

The ECP is not recommended for women who:

• Are pregnant or suspect they may be pregnant
• Have a history of ectopic pregnancy
• Have a known allergy to the ingredients in the ECP

Availability

The ECP is available over-the-counter (OTC) at pharmacies and online, without a prescription, for women aged 17 and older. Women under the age of 17 require a prescription from a healthcare provider.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an emergency contraceptive pill?
A medication taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy.

How does it work?
Delays or prevents ovulation, fertilization, or implantation.

When should it be taken?
As soon as possible after unprotected sex, ideally within 72 hours.

Is it effective?
Reduces pregnancy risk by 89% if taken within 72 hours.

What types are available?
Levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate are common types.

Do I need a prescription?
No, it is available over-the-counter in many countries.

Can anyone take it?
Generally, women of childbearing age can take it.

Are there side effects?
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are possible side effects.

Can I use it as regular birth control?
No, it is intended for emergency use only.

Will it affect my future fertility?
No, it does not affect future fertility or pregnancy.