Endometrial Polyps

Endometrial polyps are growths that occur on the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. They are usually benign (non-cancerous) and can vary in size, shape, and number.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of endometrial polyps is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development, including:

• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in estrogen levels may stimulate the growth of polyps.
• Genetics: Some women may be more likely to develop polyps due to their genetic makeup.
• Aging: Endometrial polyps are more common in women over the age of 40.
• Obesity: Excess weight may increase the risk of developing polyps.

Symptoms

Some women with endometrial polyps may not experience any symptoms, while others may notice:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as heavy or irregular periods.
• Spotting or bleeding between periods.
• Prolonged menstrual bleeding.
• Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant.

Diagnosis

To diagnose endometrial polyps, a healthcare provider may perform the following tests:

• Pelvic exam: A physical examination of the uterus and surrounding tissues.
• Ultrasound: A non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the uterus.
• Hysteroscopy: A procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the cervix to visualize the inside of the uterus.
• Endometrial biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken from the lining of the uterus for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for endometrial polyps usually involves removal of the polyp, which can be done through:

• Hysteroscopic polypectomy: A minimally invasive procedure in which the polyp is removed using a hysteroscope.
• Dilation and curettage (D&C): A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the polyp is scraped out with a special instrument.

Complications

If left untreated, endometrial polyps can lead to complications such as:

• Anemia: Heavy or prolonged bleeding can cause iron deficiency anemia.
• Infertility: Large polyps can interfere with implantation of a fertilized egg.
• Cancer: Although rare, some endometrial polyps can become cancerous over time.

Prevention

While there is no sure way to prevent endometrial polyps, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of developing them:

• Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
• Avoiding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) unless medically necessary.
• Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor for any changes in the uterus.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are endometrial polyps?
Growths in the lining of the uterus.

What causes endometrial polyps?
Hormonal changes, genetics, and age.

What are symptoms of endometrial polyps?
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, heavy periods, infertility.

How are endometrial polyps diagnosed?
Pelvic exam, ultrasound, hysteroscopy.

Can endometrial polyps be cancerous?
Rarely, but possible.

How are endometrial polyps treated?
Removal by surgery or hysteroscopy.

Can endometrial polyps recur?
Yes, after removal.

Are endometrial polyps common?
Yes, in women over 40.

Do endometrial polyps affect fertility?
Possibly, if large or numerous.

Can endometrial polyps be prevented?
No, but risk factors can be managed.