Esophageal Manometry

Esophageal manometry is a diagnostic test used to assess the function of the esophagus, specifically the muscles and valves that control swallowing.

Purpose

The purpose of esophageal manometry is to evaluate the motility (movement) of the esophagus and to diagnose conditions such as:

• Achalasia: a condition where the muscles in the esophagus do not function properly, making it difficult to swallow
• Diffuse esophageal spasm: a condition where the muscles in the esophagus contract abnormally, causing chest pain and difficulty swallowing
• Nutcracker esophagus: a condition where the muscles in the esophagus contract too strongly, causing chest pain and difficulty swallowing
• Esophageal dysmotility: a condition where the muscles in the esophagus do not function properly, making it difficult to swallow

Procedure

The esophageal manometry procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted through the nose or mouth and guided into the esophagus
2. The catheter is equipped with sensors that measure the pressure and movement of the muscles in the esophagus
3. The patient is asked to swallow several times during the test, and the sensors record the pressure and movement of the muscles in response to swallowing
4. The test typically takes about 30-60 minutes to complete

Types of Esophageal Manometry

There are two main types of esophageal manometry:

• Conventional manometry: this type of manometry uses a water-perfused catheter to measure the pressure in the esophagus
• High-resolution manometry (HRM): this type of manometry uses a solid-state catheter with multiple sensors to provide more detailed information about the pressure and movement of the muscles in the esophagus

Risks and Complications

The risks and complications associated with esophageal manometry are minimal, but may include:

• Nosebleed or discomfort during the insertion of the catheter
• Gagging or discomfort during the test
• Infection or perforation of the esophagus (rare)

Results

The results of esophageal manometry are typically interpreted by a gastroenterologist or other specialist, and may be used to:

• Diagnose conditions such as achalasia or diffuse esophageal spasm
• Monitor the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions
• Plan further testing or treatment, such as surgery or dilation of the esophagus

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is esophageal manometry?
A diagnostic test to measure esophageal function.

Why is esophageal manometry performed?
To evaluate swallowing disorders and chest pain.

How is esophageal manometry done?
Through a thin tube inserted into the nose or mouth.

Is esophageal manometry painful?
Generally not, but may cause discomfort.

What can I expect during the test?
You will swallow small amounts of water.

How long does esophageal manometry take?
About 30 minutes to an hour.

Do I need to prepare for esophageal manometry?
Yes, fasting and avoiding certain medications.

Can I drive after esophageal manometry?
Usually yes, but check with your doctor.

What are the risks of esophageal manometry?
Bleeding, infection, or perforation (rare).

When will I get my test results?
Typically within a few days to a week.