Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease that affects the medium and large arteries, most commonly the renal and internal carotid arteries. It is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the arterial wall, leading to narrowing or dilation of the affected artery.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of FMD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Women are more likely to develop FMD than men, and the condition often affects individuals between the ages of 20 and 60. Other risk factors include:

• Family history of FMD
• Hormonal influences
• Smoking
• High blood pressure

Symptoms

The symptoms of FMD vary depending on the location and severity of the affected artery. Common symptoms include:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Headaches
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
• Vertigo
• Numbness or tingling in the face or extremities
• Weakened or absent pulses in the arms or legs

Diagnosis

FMD is often diagnosed using a combination of imaging tests, including:

• Doppler ultrasound
• Computed tomography (CT) angiography
• Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography
• Angiography

Treatment

Treatment for FMD depends on the severity of the condition and the location of the affected artery. Options may include:

• Medications to control blood pressure and prevent further vascular damage
• Angioplasty or stenting to open up narrowed arteries
• Surgical bypass or reconstruction of affected arteries

Complications

If left untreated, FMD can lead to serious complications, including:

• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Kidney damage or failure
• Aneurysm formation or rupture
• Arterial dissection or thrombosis

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with FMD varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With proper management, many people with FMD can lead active and normal lives. However, it is essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to monitor the condition and prevent complications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is fibromuscular dysplasia?
A vascular condition affecting medium and large arteries.

Which arteries are commonly affected?
Renal and internal carotid arteries.

What are the symptoms of fibromuscular dysplasia?
High blood pressure, headaches, and dizziness.

Can fibromuscular dysplasia cause kidney problems?
Yes, it can lead to renal artery stenosis.

Is fibromuscular dysplasia inherited?
No, it is not typically inherited.

How is fibromuscular dysplasia diagnosed?
Through imaging tests like angiography and CT scans.

What are the treatment options for fibromuscular dysplasia?
Medication, angioplasty, and surgery.

Can lifestyle changes help manage fibromuscular dysplasia?
Yes, a healthy diet and regular exercise can help.

Is fibromuscular dysplasia more common in men or women?
It is more common in women.

What is the prognosis for people with fibromuscular dysplasia?
Varies depending on severity and treatment response.