General Anaesthetic for Children

A general anaesthetic is a type of anaesthesia that induces a state of controlled, temporary loss of consciousness and sensation, allowing medical procedures to be performed without the child feeling pain or discomfort.

Preparation

• Before the procedure, the child will typically undergo a pre-anaesthetic assessment, which includes a physical examination, medical history review, and laboratory tests (e.g., blood work) as needed.
• The anaesthetist will discuss the risks and benefits of the general anaesthetic with the parents or guardians and obtain informed consent.
• The child will be required to fast (not eat or drink) for a certain period before the procedure, usually 6-8 hours, to reduce the risk of aspiration.

Administration

The general anaesthetic is typically administered through an intravenous (IV) line or by inhalation of anaesthetic gases through a mask.

• The IV line is inserted into a vein in the child's arm or hand, and the anaesthetic medication is slowly injected.
• Alternatively, the child may breathe in anaesthetic gases, such as sevoflurane or nitrous oxide, through a mask, which helps them relax and fall asleep.

Monitoring and Care

During the procedure, the child will be closely monitored by the anaesthetist and other medical staff, who will:

• Track vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and breathing rate.
• Monitor the child's depth of anaesthesia using various techniques, including electroencephalography (EEG) or bispectral index (BIS) monitoring.
• Adjust the anaesthetic medication as needed to ensure the child remains comfortable and safe throughout the procedure.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with general anaesthesia in children, including:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness or disorientation
• Pain or discomfort at the IV site
• Respiratory problems, such as bronchospasm or laryngospasm
• Cardiovascular issues, such as changes in heart rate or blood pressure
• Allergic reactions to the anaesthetic medication

Recovery

After the procedure, the child will be taken to a recovery room where they will be closely monitored until they are fully awake and recovered from the anaesthesia.

• The child may experience some side effects, such as nausea or dizziness, which can be managed with medication if necessary.
• Parents or guardians will be able to stay with their child during the recovery period and provide comfort and support.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a general anaesthetic for a child?
A state of controlled unconsciousness for surgery.

Why is a general anaesthetic used for children?
To prevent pain and discomfort during surgery.

How is a general anaesthetic given to a child?
Through inhalation or injection.

What are the risks of a general anaesthetic for a child?
Breathing difficulties, allergic reactions, nausea.

Can a child eat before a general anaesthetic?
No, to prevent vomiting during surgery.

How long does it take for a child to recover from a general anaesthetic?
Usually 1-2 hours.

Will a child feel pain after a general anaesthetic?
Possibly, but pain relief is available.

Can a parent be present when a child has a general anaesthetic?
Sometimes, depending on hospital policy.

How will a child be monitored during a general anaesthetic?
With machines that track vital signs.

Are there alternative types of anaesthesia for children?
Yes, such as local or regional anaesthesia.