Lactation Mastitis

Lactation mastitis is a breast infection that occurs in lactating women, typically within the first few weeks to months after giving birth. It is characterized by inflammation of the breast tissue, which can cause pain, swelling, and redness.

Causes and Risk Factors

Lactation mastitis is often caused by a bacterial infection, usually Staphylococcus aureus, which enters the breast through a crack or sore on the nipple. Other risk factors include:

• Plugged milk ducts
• Infrequent or incomplete emptying of the breast
• Tight clothing or bras that constrict the breast
• Stress and fatigue
• Poor latch or positioning during breastfeeding

Symptoms

The symptoms of lactation mastitis may include:

• Pain or tenderness in the breast, which can be severe
• Swelling and redness of the breast
• Fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms
• Nipple discharge or pus
• A hard, swollen lump in the breast

Diagnosis

Lactation mastitis is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also perform:

• A breast exam to check for tenderness, swelling, and redness
• A review of the patient's breastfeeding technique and frequency
• Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or mammogram, to rule out other conditions
• Culture tests to identify the presence of bacteria

Treatment

Treatment for lactation mastitis typically involves:

• Antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection
• Pain relief medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Frequent and effective emptying of the breast through breastfeeding or pumping
• Rest and relaxation to help manage stress and fatigue
• Applying warm compresses to the affected area to help relieve pain and promote healing

Prevention

To prevent lactation mastitis, it is recommended that breastfeeding women:

• Practice good hygiene, such as washing hands before touching the breast
• Avoid tight clothing or bras that constrict the breast
• Ensure proper latch and positioning during breastfeeding
• Frequently empty the breast through breastfeeding or pumping
• Get enough rest and manage stress

Complications

If left untreated, lactation mastitis can lead to complications such as:

• Abscess formation, which may require surgical drainage
• Breast scarring or damage
• Decreased milk supply or difficulty breastfeeding
• Increased risk of future breast infections

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is lactation mastitis?
Inflammation of breast tissue during breastfeeding.

What causes lactation mastitis?
Blocked milk ducts or infection.

What are symptoms of lactation mastitis?
Pain, swelling, redness, and fever.

How is lactation mastitis diagnosed?
Physical exam and medical history.

Can lactation mastitis be treated at home?
Yes, with rest, hydration, and frequent breastfeeding.

What antibiotics are used to treat lactation mastitis?
Penicillins or cephalosporins.

How long does it usually take to recover from lactation mastitis?
Typically 2-5 days with treatment.

Can lactation mastitis lead to abscess formation?
Yes, if left untreated or severe.

Should I stop breastfeeding with lactation mastitis?
No, continue breastfeeding to help clear blockage.

How can I prevent lactation mastitis?
Frequent breastfeeding and proper breast emptying.