Medical Abortion

A medical abortion, also known as a medication abortion, is a type of abortion that uses medication to terminate a pregnancy. It is a non-surgical method of abortion that can be used up to 10 weeks of gestation.

How it Works

The medical abortion procedure typically involves taking two types of medications: mifepristone and misoprostol. Mifepristone, also known as RU-486, is taken first and works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for pregnancy to continue. This causes the lining of the uterus to break down and the embryo to detach from the uterine wall.

Misoprostol is taken 24-48 hours after mifepristone and causes the uterus to contract, expelling the embryo and other pregnancy tissue. The misoprostol can cause cramping, bleeding, and other symptoms as the body expels the pregnancy.

Effectiveness

The effectiveness of medical abortion depends on the gestational age of the pregnancy. It is most effective when used up to 7 weeks of gestation, with a success rate of around 95-98%. The success rate decreases slightly as the gestational age increases, but it is still around 90-92% effective up to 10 weeks of gestation.

Risks and Side Effects

Like any medical procedure, medical abortion carries some risks and side effects. Common side effects include:

• Bleeding and cramping
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Fatigue

More serious complications can occur, but are rare. These include:

• Infection
• Excessive bleeding
• Allergic reaction to the medication

Contraindications

Medical abortion is not suitable for everyone and should not be used in certain situations, including:

• Ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus)
• Pregnancy with an intrauterine device (IUD) in place
• Known or suspected allergy to mifepristone or misoprostol
• Bleeding disorders or taking anticoagulant medications
• Severe asthma or other respiratory disease

Follow-up Care

After a medical abortion, it is essential to follow up with a healthcare provider to ensure that the procedure was successful and to check for any complications. A follow-up visit typically includes an ultrasound to confirm that the pregnancy has been terminated and a physical exam to check for any signs of infection or other complications.

Availability

The availability of medical abortion varies by country and region. In some areas, it may be available through healthcare providers, while in others, it may only be available through specialized clinics or online telemedicine services.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a medical abortion?
A non-surgical abortion using medication to terminate pregnancy.

How does a medical abortion work?
Medications stop pregnancy growth and induce uterine contractions to expel the embryo.

What medications are used for medical abortion?
Mifepristone and misoprostol are commonly used.

At what stage can a medical abortion be performed?
Typically up to 10 weeks of gestation.

Is a medical abortion painful?
Cramping and bleeding are expected, pain management options are available.

How long does a medical abortion take?
Symptoms usually start within hours, completion within 1-2 weeks.

Are medical abortions safe?
Generally considered safe when performed under medical guidance.

Can I perform a medical abortion at home?
Only with a prescription and under a doctor's supervision.

What are the side effects of a medical abortion?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and heavy bleeding.

Do I need follow-up care after a medical abortion?
Yes, to confirm completion and check for complications.