Myelography

Myelography is a medical imaging procedure that involves introducing a contrast agent into the spinal canal to visualize the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding structures.

Indications

• Diagnosing herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and other spinal disorders
• Evaluating spinal injuries, such as fractures or dislocations
• Assessing spinal tumors, cysts, or infections
• Investigating causes of back pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is positioned on their side or stomach on an X-ray table
2. A local anesthetic is administered to numb the skin and muscle
3. A needle is inserted into the spinal canal, usually in the lower back (lumbar region)
4. A contrast agent, such as iodine or gadolinium, is injected into the spinal fluid
5. X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans are taken to visualize the contrast agent and surrounding structures

Types of Myelography

• Conventional myelography: Uses X-rays to visualize the contrast agent
• CT myelography: Combines CT scans with the contrast agent for more detailed images
• MR myelography: Uses MRI scans to visualize the contrast agent and surrounding structures

Risks and Complications

• Allergic reactions to the contrast agent
• Headache, nausea, or vomiting due to the spinal puncture
• Infection or bleeding at the injection site
• Nerve damage or irritation

Preparation and Aftercare

Patient preparation typically includes:

• Fasting for several hours before the procedure
• Removing jewelry, clothing, or other metal objects that may interfere with imaging
• Avoiding strenuous activities for several days after the procedure

Aftercare instructions may include:

• Resting and avoiding heavy lifting or bending
• Taking pain medication as directed
• Monitoring for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or fever

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a myelogram?
A diagnostic imaging test using contrast dye and X-rays or CT scans.

Why is a myelogram performed?
To diagnose spinal cord injuries, herniated discs, or nerve compression.

How is the procedure done?
Contrast dye is injected into spinal fluid, then X-rays or CT scans are taken.

What are the risks of a myelogram?
Allergic reactions, headaches, and nerve damage.

Is a myelogram painful?
The injection may cause discomfort, but pain is usually minimal.

How long does a myelogram take?
Typically 30-60 minutes.

Do I need to prepare for a myelogram?
Yes, by avoiding food and drink before the procedure.

Can I drive after a myelogram?
No, due to potential side effects like headaches or dizziness.

How long does it usually take to recover from a myelogram?
Usually several hours to a few days.

Are there alternatives to a myelogram?
Yes, such as MRI or CT scans without contrast dye.