Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a type of surgical procedure that is used to correct conditions of the jaw and face related to the structure, growth, sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, or other problems that affect the alignment of the jaws and teeth.

Purpose

The purpose of orthognathic surgery is to improve the function and appearance of the jaw and facial bones. This can include correcting issues such as:

• Malocclusion (bad bite)
• Crossbite
• Open bite
• Overbite
• Underbite
• Sleep apnea
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders
• Facial asymmetry
• Cleft palate or other congenital conditions

Types of Orthognathic Surgery

There are several types of orthognathic surgery, including:

• Mandibular osteotomy (lower jaw surgery)
• Maxillary osteotomy (upper jaw surgery)
• Genioplasty (chin surgery)
• Bimaxillary osteotomy (surgery on both the upper and lower jaws)

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for orthognathic surgery typically involves:

• General anesthesia or sedation to ensure patient comfort during the procedure
• An incision in the gum tissue to access the jawbone
• Osteotomy (cutting and repositioning of the jawbone)
• Repositioning of the jawbone and securing it with plates, screws, or wires
• Closure of the incision site

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with orthognathic surgery, including:

• Bleeding or hematoma
• Infection
• Nerve damage or numbness
• Unfavorable scarring
• Reaction to anesthesia
• Prolonged recovery time

Recovery and Follow-up Care

After orthognathic surgery, patients typically require:

• A hospital stay of one to several days
• A liquid or soft food diet for several weeks
• Pain management with medication
• Frequent follow-up appointments with the surgeon and orthodontist
• Orthodontic treatment before and after surgery to ensure proper alignment of the teeth

Candidates for Orthognathic Surgery

Candidates for orthognathic surgery typically include individuals who:

• Have a significant jaw or facial deformity
• Experience difficulty chewing, speaking, or breathing due to jaw alignment issues
• Have tried other treatments, such as orthodontics, without achieving desired results
• Are in good overall health and have no medical conditions that would contraindicate surgery

Conclusion

Orthognathic surgery is a complex procedure that requires careful evaluation, planning, and execution. While it can be an effective treatment for various jaw and facial conditions, it is essential to weigh the potential benefits against the risks and complications. Patients should consult with a qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeon or orthodontist to determine if orthognathic surgery is right for them.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is orthognathic surgery?
Surgery to correct jaw and facial deformities.

Why is orthognathic surgery performed?
To improve chewing, speaking, and breathing functions.

Who typically needs orthognathic surgery?
Individuals with misaligned jaws or facial imbalances.

What are the benefits of orthognathic surgery?
Improved jaw function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life.

Is orthognathic surgery painful?
Pain is managed with medication and anesthesia.

How long does orthognathic surgery take?
Several hours, depending on the procedure's complexity.

What is the recovery time for orthognathic surgery?
Several weeks to months, with a gradual return to normal activities.

Are there risks associated with orthognathic surgery?
Yes, including infection, bleeding, and nerve damage.

Can orthognathic surgery be performed on children?
Typically recommended for individuals with fully developed jaws, usually after age 16.

Is orthognathic surgery covered by insurance?
Sometimes, depending on the policy and medical necessity.