Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a medical condition that can occur in some women who undergo fertility treatment, particularly those who receive injections of hormones to stimulate the growth and release of eggs from the ovaries.

Causes and Risk Factors

OHSS is caused by an overresponse to fertility medications, such as gonadotropins, which are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. This can lead to the growth of numerous large follicles in the ovaries, resulting in an excessive production of fluid and hormones.

Risk factors for OHSS include:

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Young age
• Low body weight
• High doses of fertility medications
• Prior history of OHSS

Symptoms

The symptoms of OHSS can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Bloating and abdominal swelling
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Weight gain
• Shortness of breath
• Decreased urine output

Classification

OHSS is classified into three categories:

• Mild OHSS: characterized by mild symptoms and minimal fluid accumulation in the abdomen
• Moderate OHSS: characterized by more severe symptoms and significant fluid accumulation in the abdomen
• Severe OHSS: characterized by life-threatening complications, such as respiratory distress, cardiac problems, and thromboembolism

Treatment

Treatment for OHSS depends on the severity of the condition and may include:

• Supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and pain management
• Paracentesis, a procedure to remove excess fluid from the abdomen
• Albumin infusions to help maintain blood volume and prevent dehydration
• Hospitalization for close monitoring and treatment of complications

Prevention

To reduce the risk of OHSS, fertility specialists may use various strategies, including:

• Using lower doses of fertility medications
• Monitoring follicle growth and hormone levels closely
• Freezing embryos instead of transferring them immediately
• Canceling the fertility cycle if there is a high risk of OHSS

Complications

Severe OHSS can lead to life-threatening complications, including:

• Respiratory distress
• Cardiac problems
• Thromboembolism
• Kidney damage

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)?
A condition that occurs in some women who undergo fertility treatment.

What causes OHSS?
Overstimulation of the ovaries with fertility medications.

What are the symptoms of OHSS?
Bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight gain.

How common is OHSS?
Affects 1-10% of women undergoing fertility treatment.

Is OHSS preventable?
Not always, but risk can be reduced with careful monitoring.

Can OHSS be severe?
Yes, in rare cases it can lead to serious complications.

How is OHSS diagnosed?
Through ultrasound and blood tests.

What is the treatment for OHSS?
Rest, hydration, and monitoring, with hospitalization in severe cases.

Can OHSS affect pregnancy?
Yes, it can increase risk of miscarriage and other complications.

How long does OHSS last?
Typically resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks.