Periods

Menstruation, also known as periods, is a natural part of the female reproductive cycle. It is a monthly process where the body prepares for a potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding.

What happens during a period?

During a period, the following events occur:

• The uterus contracts to shed its lining, which is rich in blood and tissue.
• The cervix opens slightly to allow the blood and tissue to flow out of the body.
• The blood and tissue flow out of the body through the vagina.

Duration and frequency of periods

A typical period lasts between 3-7 days, with the average duration being around 5 days. The frequency of periods varies from woman to woman, but most women experience a period every 28 days, with some experiencing shorter or longer cycles.

Phases of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is divided into several phases:

• Menses: The phase where bleeding occurs (typically lasts 3-7 days).
• Follicular phase: The phase where the uterus starts to thicken and prepare for a potential pregnancy (typically lasts around 14 days).
• Ovulation: The phase where an egg is released from the ovary (typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle).
• Luteal phase: The phase where the empty follicle in the ovary produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg (typically lasts around 14 days).

Symptoms associated with periods

Some common symptoms experienced by women during their period include:

• Cramping and pain in the lower abdomen.
• Bloating and water retention.
• Mood swings and emotional changes.
• Fatigue and lethargy.
• Headaches and breast tenderness.

Managing periods

There are several ways to manage periods, including:

• Using sanitary products such as pads or tampons to absorb blood flow.
• Taking pain relief medication to alleviate cramps and discomfort.
• Practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation to reduce stress and anxiety.
• Engaging in regular exercise to help reduce symptoms.

When to seek medical attention

Women should seek medical attention if they experience:

• Heavy or prolonged bleeding.
• Severe pain that is not relieved by medication.
• Fever or chills during their period.
• Unusual or foul-smelling discharge.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a period?
Menstrual bleeding that occurs in females.

How often do periods occur?
Typically every 28 days, but can vary from 21 to 35 days.

How long do periods last?
Usually 3 to 7 days.

What causes periods?
Hormonal changes in the female reproductive system.

At what age do periods start?
Usually around 12 years old, but can range from 9 to 16.

Can periods be painful?
Yes, some women experience cramps and discomfort.

Are heavy or light periods normal?
Both can be normal, but may also indicate underlying issues.

Can stress affect periods?
Yes, stress can disrupt menstrual cycles.

How can periods be managed?
With sanitary products, medication, and lifestyle changes.

When should I see a doctor about my period?
If experiencing severe pain, heavy bleeding, or irregular cycles.