PSA Test

The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test is a blood test used to measure the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland, in the blood.

Purpose of the Test

The primary purpose of the PSA test is to screen for prostate cancer and monitor patients who have already been diagnosed with the disease. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for prostate cancer.

How the Test is Performed

A healthcare provider will draw a blood sample from a vein in the arm, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The test measures the level of PSA in the blood, usually in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

Interpreting Test Results

The results of the PSA test are typically reported as follows:

• A PSA level of 0-4 ng/mL is generally considered normal.
• A PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL may indicate a higher risk of prostate cancer, and further testing may be recommended.
• A PSA level above 10 ng/mL may indicate a high risk of prostate cancer, and a biopsy or other diagnostic tests may be necessary.

Limitations of the Test

The PSA test is not perfect and can have limitations. For example:

• Elevated PSA levels can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, such as prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
• Some prostate cancers may not produce much PSA, resulting in a false-negative test result.

Risks and Side Effects

The PSA test is a blood test and carries the same risks as any other blood test, including:

• Bleeding or bruising at the needle site.
• Infection at the needle site.
• Fainting or dizziness in some individuals.

Guidelines and Recommendations

The American Cancer Society recommends that men discuss the PSA test with their healthcare provider to determine if it is right for them. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that men aged 55-69 years old discuss the benefits and risks of PSA screening with their healthcare provider.

Additional Testing

If the results of the PSA test are abnormal, additional testing may be recommended, such as:

• Digital rectal exam (DRE).
• Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a PSA test?
Blood test measuring prostate-specific antigen levels.

Why is a PSA test done?
To screen for prostate cancer and monitor treatment.

How is a PSA test performed?
Blood sample taken from a vein in the arm.

What is a normal PSA level?
Typically less than 4 nanograms per milliliter.

What does an elevated PSA level mean?
May indicate prostate cancer or other conditions.

Can a PSA test diagnose prostate cancer?
No, further testing like biopsy is needed.

How often should a PSA test be done?
Annually for men over 50 or with risk factors.

Are there any risks to a PSA test?
Minimal, such as bruising or infection at needle site.

Can certain medications affect PSA levels?
Yes, like finasteride and dutasteride.

What is the purpose of free PSA testing?
To help distinguish between cancer and non-cancerous conditions.