Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse is a medical condition where the rectum loses its normal attachments inside the body, allowing it to protrude out through the anus. This can cause discomfort, pain, and difficulty with bowel movements.

Causes of Rectal Prolapse

The exact cause of rectal prolapse is not always known, but several factors can contribute to its development. These include:

• Aging: Weakening of the muscles and ligaments that support the rectum with age.
• Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements: Prolonged straining can weaken the muscles and ligaments that hold the rectum in place.
• Pregnancy and childbirth: The strain of pregnancy and childbirth can cause the muscles and ligaments to stretch and weaken.
• Neurological disorders: Certain conditions, such as spinal cord injuries or neurological diseases, can affect the nerves that control the muscles in the rectum.
• Surgery: Previous surgery in the pelvic area can contribute to the development of rectal prolapse.

Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• A bulge or lump in the anus or rectum.
• Discomfort or pain in the anus or rectum.
• Difficulty with bowel movements, such as straining or feeling like the bowels are not completely empty.
• Bleeding or mucus discharge from the rectum.
• Loss of control over bowel movements (fecal incontinence).

Diagnosis of Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history. The doctor may:

• Perform a digital rectal exam to feel for any abnormalities in the rectum.
• Use a proctoscope or sigmoidoscope to visualize the inside of the rectum.
• Take a complete medical history to identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the prolapse.

Treatment of Rectal Prolapse

The treatment for rectal prolapse depends on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Lifestyle changes: Avoiding straining during bowel movements, increasing fiber intake, and exercising regularly.
• Medical management: Using medications to manage symptoms such as pain or constipation.
• Surgery: Repairing the prolapse through surgery, which may involve removing any redundant tissue or repairing the muscles and ligaments that support the rectum.

Complications of Rectal Prolapse

If left untreated, rectal prolapse can lead to several complications, including:

• Chronic pain and discomfort.
• Fecal incontinence.
• Bleeding or infection.
• Narrowing of the rectum (stricture).

Prevention of Rectal Prolapse

While it may not be possible to completely prevent rectal prolapse, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk:

• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Avoiding straining during bowel movements.
• Increasing fiber intake to promote regular bowel movements.
• Exercising regularly to strengthen the muscles in the pelvic floor.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is rectal prolapse?
Condition where rectum loses its normal attachments and protrudes out through anus.

What are symptoms of rectal prolapse?
Pain, bleeding, difficulty with bowel movements, sensation of bulge or lump.

What causes rectal prolapse?
Weakened muscles, aging, chronic constipation, diarrhea, childbirth.

How is rectal prolapse diagnosed?
Physical exam, medical history, imaging tests like MRI or ultrasound.

Can rectal prolapse be treated without surgery?
Yes, with lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and medications.

What are surgical options for rectal prolapse?
Rectopexy, resection rectopexy, and perineal rectosigmoidectomy.

Is rectal prolapse preventable?
Yes, with healthy bowel habits, regular exercise, and pelvic floor exercises.

Can rectal prolapse recur after treatment?
Yes, possible with or without surgery.

How long does recovery take after rectal prolapse surgery?
Several weeks to months.

Are there any complications of rectal prolapse?
Infection, bowel obstruction, and chronic constipation.