Semen Analysis

A semen analysis, also known as a sperm test or seminogram, is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the quality and characteristics of a man's semen.

Purpose

The purpose of a semen analysis is to assess male fertility and identify potential issues that may be affecting fertility. It can help diagnose conditions such as:

• Low sperm count (oligozoospermia)
• Poor sperm motility (asthenozoospermia)
• Abnormal sperm morphology (teratozoospermia)
• Azoospermia (absence of sperm in the semen)

Procedure

To perform a semen analysis, a man is typically asked to:

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2-5 days before the test
• Masturbate and collect the semen sample in a sterile container
• Deliver the sample to the laboratory within 1 hour of collection

Parameters Measured

A semen analysis typically measures the following parameters:

• Sperm concentration (number of sperm per milliliter)
• Total sperm count (total number of sperm in the ejaculate)
• Sperm motility (percentage of moving sperm)
• Sperm morphology (percentage of normal-shaped sperm)
• Volume of semen
• pH level of semen
• Presence of white blood cells or other abnormalities

Normal Values

The World Health Organization (WHO) has established the following normal values for semen analysis:

• Sperm concentration: ≥15 million sperm per milliliter
• Total sperm count: ≥39 million sperm per ejaculate
• Sperm motility: ≥32% moving sperm
• Sperm morphology: ≥4% normal-shaped sperm
• Volume of semen: ≥1.5 milliliters

Interpretation

The results of a semen analysis are interpreted in the context of the individual's medical history and physical examination. Abnormal results may indicate:

• Male factor infertility
• Infection or inflammation
• Hormonal imbalance
• Anatomical issues (e.g., varicocele, obstruction)

Clinical Significance

A semen analysis is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of male fertility. It can help identify potential issues and guide further testing or treatment, such as:

• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF)
• Surgical interventions (e.g., varicocelectomy)
• Hormonal therapy
• Lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet, exercise, stress reduction)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a semen analysis?
Laboratory test to evaluate male fertility.

Why is a semen analysis performed?
To assess infertility issues or test for vasectomy success.

How is a semen sample collected?
Through masturbation or sexual intercourse with a special condom.

What are the main components of a semen analysis?
Sperm count, motility, morphology, and semen volume.

What is a normal sperm count?
15 million sperm per milliliter or more.

How long does it usually take to get results?
Typically 1-2 days.

Is a semen analysis painful?
No, it is usually painless.

Can a semen analysis diagnose infertility?
It can identify potential issues, but not always the cause.

How often can a semen analysis be performed?
As recommended by a healthcare provider, typically every 2-3 months.

Are there any special preparations needed for a semen analysis?
Abstain from ejaculation for 2-5 days before the test.