Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement, also known as subacromial impingement, is a medical condition that occurs when the tendons of the shoulder joint are compressed or pinched by the surrounding bones and soft tissues.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Repetitive overhead movements or activities, such as throwing, lifting, or swimming
• Poor posture or muscle imbalances in the shoulder and upper back
• Weakened or torn rotator cuff muscles or tendons
• Bony growths or spurs on the acromion (the bony projection above the shoulder joint)
• Shoulder instability or previous injuries to the shoulder joint

Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness in the shoulder, especially when lifting or reaching overhead
• Weakness or fatigue in the shoulder muscles
• Limited range of motion or stiffness in the shoulder joint
• Snap or click sensation when moving the shoulder
• Pain that worsens at night, especially when sleeping on the affected side

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of shoulder impingement typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination to assess symptoms and range of motion
• X-rays or other imaging tests (such as MRI or CT scans) to evaluate the bones and soft tissues of the shoulder joint
• Specialized tests, such as the Neer test or Hawkins-Kennedy test, to assess for impingement

Treatment Options

Treatment for shoulder impingement typically involves a combination of:

• Conservative management, including rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to reduce pain and inflammation
• Physical therapy to improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility in the shoulder joint
• Pain relief medications, such as NSAIDs or corticosteroid injections, to manage symptoms
• Surgical intervention, such as arthroscopy or open surgery, to repair or remove damaged tissues and bony growths

Prevention and Management

To prevent or manage shoulder impingement, individuals can:

• Maintain good posture and muscle balance in the shoulder and upper back
• Avoid repetitive overhead movements or activities that aggravate symptoms
• Strengthen the rotator cuff muscles through exercises and physical therapy
• Use proper lifting techniques to avoid putting excessive strain on the shoulder joint

Complications and Prognosis

If left untreated or poorly managed, shoulder impingement can lead to:

• Chronic pain and limited mobility in the shoulder joint
• Tendinosis or tears in the rotator cuff muscles or tendons
• Bony growths or spurs that can further compress the tendons and soft tissues
• Reduced quality of life and functional ability due to persistent symptoms and limited mobility

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is shoulder impingement?
Inflammation of tendons in the shoulder joint.

What causes shoulder impingement?
Repetitive motion, poor posture, or direct blow to the shoulder.

What are the symptoms of shoulder impingement?
Pain, weakness, and limited mobility in the shoulder.

How is shoulder impingement diagnosed?
Physical exam, X-rays, and MRI scans.

Can shoulder impingement be treated without surgery?
Yes, with rest, physical therapy, and medication.

What are common treatments for shoulder impingement?
Corticosteroid injections, physical therapy, and pain relief medication.

How long does it usually take to recover from shoulder impingement?
Several weeks to several months.

Can shoulder impingement be prevented?
Yes, with proper posture, exercise, and avoiding repetitive motions.

What are the risks of untreated shoulder impingement?
Chronic pain, limited mobility, and tendon tears.

Is physical therapy effective for shoulder impingement?
Yes, it can help improve range of motion and strength.