Skin Cyst

A skin cyst is a closed capsule or sac-like structure that forms under the skin, typically filled with fluid, semi-solid, or gaseous material.

Types of Skin Cysts

• Epidermoid cysts: Also known as sebaceous cysts, these are the most common type and occur when skin cells multiply and form a cyst under the skin.
• Pilar cysts: These occur on the scalp and are usually filled with a semi-solid material.
• Trichilemmal cysts: Similar to pilar cysts, but typically occur on the scalp or face.
• Dermoid cysts: These can occur anywhere on the body and contain skin, hair, and other tissue.

Causes and Risk Factors

Skin cysts can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing skin cysts due to their genetic makeup.
• Blockage of oil glands or hair follicles: This can cause the formation of a cyst.
• Injury or trauma: A skin cyst can form as a result of injury or trauma to the skin.
• Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections can cause the formation of a skin cyst.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a skin cyst may include:

• A lump or bump under the skin
• Redness and inflammation around the cyst
• Pain or tenderness when touched
• Discharge or drainage from the cyst

Diagnosis

A skin cyst is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, such as:

• Blood tests: To rule out underlying infections or other conditions.
• Imaging tests: Such as X-rays or ultrasound to determine the size and location of the cyst.
• Biopsy: A sample of tissue may be taken from the cyst for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

The treatment for a skin cyst depends on the type, size, and location of the cyst. Treatment options may include:

• Watchful waiting: Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment.
• Drainage: The cyst can be drained with a needle or surgically removed.
• Surgical excision: The entire cyst is removed surgically.
• Antibiotics: If the cyst becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.

Complications

If left untreated, skin cysts can lead to complications such as:

• Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections can occur if the cyst is not properly treated.
• Abscess formation: A pocket of pus can form around the cyst, leading to further inflammation and infection.
• Scarring: Surgical removal of a skin cyst can result in scarring.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing skin cysts:

• Practice good hygiene: Keep the skin clean and dry to prevent blockage of oil glands or hair follicles.
• Avoid picking or squeezing: Avoid picking or squeezing pimples, blackheads, or other skin lesions, as this can lead to infection and cyst formation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a skin cyst?
A closed capsule or sac-like structure under the skin filled with fluid or semi-solid material.

What causes skin cysts?
Blockage of oil glands, infection, or genetic conditions.

What are the symptoms of skin cysts?
Painless lump under the skin, sometimes inflamed or infected.

How are skin cysts diagnosed?
Physical examination and sometimes imaging tests or biopsy.

Can skin cysts be treated at home?
No, medical attention is usually required for proper diagnosis and treatment.

How are skin cysts typically treated?
Drainage, surgical removal, or injection of medication.

Can skin cysts be prevented?
Not always, but good hygiene and avoiding picking at the skin can help.

Are skin cysts contagious?
No, they are not infectious or contagious.

Can skin cysts become cancerous?
Rarely, but some types of cysts may have a small risk of becoming malignant.

Do skin cysts always require surgery?
Not always, treatment depends on the size, location, and type of cyst.