Swollen Knee

A swollen knee, also known as knee effusion or water on the knee, occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the knee joint, leading to swelling and inflammation.

Causes of a Swollen Knee

• Trauma or Injury: A blow to the knee, a sudden twisting motion, or a fall can cause blood and fluid to leak into the joint space, resulting in swelling.
• Arthritis: Conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout can cause inflammation and swelling in the knee joint.
• Infection: Bacterial or viral infections, such as septic arthritis, can cause swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected knee.
• Overuse or Repetitive Strain: Activities that involve repetitive bending, jumping, or running can put excessive stress on the knee joint, leading to inflammation and swelling.
• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and cancer, can increase the risk of developing a swollen knee.

Symptoms of a Swollen Knee

• Pain or tenderness in the knee joint
• Swelling or inflammation around the knee
• Redness or warmth to the touch
• Limited range of motion or stiffness in the knee
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected leg

Diagnosis and Treatment

To diagnose a swollen knee, a healthcare professional may perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and order imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.

Treatment for a swollen knee depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to reduce pain and swelling
• Pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength
• Antibiotics or antiviral medications if an infection is present
• Surgery in severe cases, such as ligament tears or joint damage

Complications and Prevention

If left untreated, a swollen knee can lead to complications such as:

• Chronic pain and stiffness
• Joint damage or degeneration
• Infection or sepsis
• Nerve damage or numbness

To prevent a swollen knee, it is essential to:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joint
• Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the surrounding muscles
• Use proper technique and equipment when participating in sports or activities
• Avoid overexertion and take regular breaks to rest and stretch

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a swollen knee?
Inflammation and fluid buildup in the knee joint.

What causes a swollen knee?
Injury, infection, arthritis, or overuse.

What are symptoms of a swollen knee?
Pain, redness, warmth, and limited mobility.

How is a swollen knee diagnosed?
Physical exam, imaging tests, and lab tests.

Can a swollen knee be treated at home?
Mild cases with rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

What are common treatments for a swollen knee?
Medication, physical therapy, and surgery.

How long does it usually take to recover from a swollen knee?
Varies depending on cause and severity.

Can a swollen knee be prevented?
Maintaining healthy weight and exercising safely.

When should I seek medical attention for a swollen knee?
If severe, sudden, or accompanied by fever.

Are there any complications of a swollen knee?
Chronic pain, limited mobility, and joint damage.