Tinea Capitis

Tinea capitis, also known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection that affects the hair shafts and follicles of the scalp. It is a common condition that can affect people of all ages, but it is most commonly seen in children.

Causes

Tinea capitis is caused by a type of fungus called dermatophytes, which can be spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated objects such as combs, brushes, and pillows. The fungi can also be found in soil and on animals, and can be transmitted to humans through contact with these sources.

Symptoms

The symptoms of tinea capitis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the type of fungus involved. Common symptoms include:

• Patches of hair loss on the scalp, which may be accompanied by redness, itching, and swelling
• Scaling or crusting on the scalp
• Bald spots or areas of thinning hair
• Black dots on the scalp, which are actually broken-off hairs
• Itching, stinging, or burning sensations on the scalp

Types

There are several types of tinea capitis, including:

• Ectothrix infection: This type of infection affects the outside of the hair shaft and is characterized by a thick, scaly crust on the scalp.
• Endothrix infection: This type of infection affects the inside of the hair shaft and is characterized by a thin, fragile hair that breaks off easily.
• Favus: This is a rare and severe form of tinea capitis that is characterized by a yellowish crust on the scalp and a distinctive "mouse nest" appearance.

Diagnosis

Tinea capitis can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as:

• KOH (potassium hydroxide) test: This test involves scraping the scalp to collect a sample of skin cells and fungus, which is then examined under a microscope.
• Fungal culture: This test involves growing the fungus in a laboratory to identify the type of fungus involved.
• Wood's lamp examination: This test involves shining a special light on the scalp to detect the presence of certain types of fungi.

Treatment

Tinea capitis is typically treated with antifungal medications, which may be prescribed orally or applied topically to the scalp. Common treatments include:

• Griseofulvin: This is an oral medication that is commonly used to treat tinea capitis.
• Terbinafine: This is an oral medication that is effective against a wide range of fungi, including those that cause tinea capitis.
• Topical antifungal creams or shampoos: These may be prescribed in addition to oral medications to help clear up the infection more quickly.

Prevention

To prevent tinea capitis, it is recommended to:

• Avoid sharing personal items such as combs, brushes, and pillows
• Wash hands regularly, especially after touching animals or soil
• Keep the scalp clean and dry
• Avoid close contact with people who have tinea capitis

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Tinea capitis?
Fungal infection of the scalp.

What causes Tinea capitis?
Dermatophyte fungi.

Is Tinea capitis contagious?
Yes.

How is Tinea capitis spread?
Through contact with infected person or contaminated objects.

What are symptoms of Tinea capitis?
Hair loss, itching, redness, and scaling on the scalp.

How is Tinea capitis diagnosed?
Physical exam, microscopy, and culture.

Can Tinea capitis be treated?
Yes, with antifungal medications.

What are common treatments for Tinea capitis?
Oral antifungals like griseofulvin or terbinafine.

How long does treatment for Tinea capitis last?
Typically 4-8 weeks.

Can Tinea capitis be prevented?
Yes, by avoiding contact with infected persons and contaminated objects.