Tremor

A tremor is a rhythmic, back-and-forth or oscillating movement of a part of the body, such as the hands, arms, legs, or head. It is a common symptom that can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological disorders, medications, and medical conditions.

Types of Tremors

• Resting tremor: occurs when the affected body part is at rest and disappears with voluntary movement. This type of tremor is often seen in Parkinson's disease.
• Action tremor: occurs during voluntary movement or action, such as writing or holding a cup. This type of tremor can be further divided into:
• Postural tremor: occurs when the affected body part is held in a specific position.
• Intention tremor: occurs during purposeful movement, such as reaching for an object.
• Kinetic tremor: occurs during movement, such as walking or writing.
• Essential tremor: a common type of tremor that affects the hands, head, and voice, and is often inherited.
• Physiologic tremor: a normal tremor that occurs in healthy individuals, often exacerbated by factors such as stress, fatigue, or caffeine.

Causes of Tremors

• Neurological disorders: Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy.
• Medications: certain antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-seizure medications can cause tremors as a side effect.
• Medical conditions: hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, and liver disease.
• Substance abuse: alcohol withdrawal, cocaine use, and other substance abuse can cause tremors.
• Aging: tremors can be a normal part of the aging process.

Symptoms and Characteristics

• Tremors can range from mild to severe and can affect one or both sides of the body.
• The frequency and amplitude of tremors can vary, with some being rapid and fine, while others are slow and coarse.
• Tremors can be accompanied by other symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of tremors typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests to rule out underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Medications: such as beta blockers, primidone, and benzodiazepines to reduce tremor severity.
• Surgery: deep brain stimulation or thalamotomy for severe and refractory cases.
• Lifestyle modifications: stress reduction, exercise, and avoiding triggers such as caffeine and nicotine.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a tremor?
Involuntary shaking or trembling of a body part.

What are the types of tremors?
Resting, action, and essential tremors.

What causes resting tremors?
Often associated with Parkinson's disease.

What triggers action tremors?
Voluntary movement or muscle tension.

Is an essential tremor inherited?
Often runs in families.

Can tremors be a symptom of another condition?
Yes, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke.

How are tremors diagnosed?
Physical exam and medical history.

Can tremors be treated?
Yes, with medication or therapy.

Are there ways to manage tremors?
Lifestyle changes, such as stress reduction.

Can surgery help treat tremors?
In some cases, such as deep brain stimulation.